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In System Programming (ISP) for ATMEL chips

Suparno, M.Pd11:41AT89S51 Tidak ada komentar

If you didn’t guess it from the title, ISP is a way to serially program your microcontroller, while it resides in its place, in other words, without removing the chip from your board.

Whether you’re just starting in the ATMEL microcontrollers, or you’re familiar with it, ISP (In System Programming) will provide you a simple and affordable home made solution to program and debug your microcontroller based project.

Sometimes, ISP can become very useful, when adjusting some delays, frequencies or any other values that you would intend to find by trial and error.. a process that would otherwise take too much time.

How does ISP works?

Normally, the flash memory of an ATMEL microcontroller is programmed using a parallel interface, which consists of sending the data byte by byte (using eight independent lines for the data, and another bunch of lines for the address, the control word and clock input). On the other hand ISP is performed using only four lines, and literally, data is transferred through two lines only, as in a I2C interface, where data is shifted in bit by bit though.

MOSI (data input) line, with a clock cycle between each bit and the next (on the SCK (clock input) line). MISO (data output) line is used for reading and for code verification, it is only used to output the code from the FLASH memory of the microcontroller. The RST (used to activate the serial Programming) pin, which is normally used to reset the device, is also used to enable the three pins (MOSI, MISO and SCK) to be used for ISP simply by setting RST to HIGH (5V), otherwise if RST is low (0V), your program start running and those three pins, are used normally as P1.5, P1.6 and P1.7.

Here is ISP Programming sequence as described in ATMEL datasheets:

“The Code memory array can be programmed using the serial ISP interface while RST is pulled to VCC. The serial interface consists of pins SCK, MOSI (input) and MISO (output). After RST is set high, the Programming Enable instruction needs to be executed first before other operations can be executed. Before a reprogramming sequence can occur, a Chip Erase operation is required. The Chip Erase operation turns the content of every memory location in the Code array into FFH. Either an external system clock can be supplied at pin XTAL₁ or a crystal needs to be connected across pins XTAL₁ and XTAL₂. The maximum serial clock (SCK) frequency should be less than 1/16 of the crystal frequency. With a 33 MHz oscillator clock, the maximum SCK frequency is 2 MHz.“

This is as deep as i got in the ISP process, as i am using a ready made software that will handle the transfer protocol. Some more detailed information about the ISP functioning can be found at www.8052.com and at But this is all you need to know to build and use this extra simple programming device. Now that you know some theory about the ISP, you should be ready to build the hardware interface. As you will soon discover, it maybe the simplest circuit that will find in this web site!

Circuit :

The circuit almost talks for itself, the only part that may need some explanation, is the four AND gates. Connecting both two inputs of the AND gates as shown makes it act like a buffer, to protect the parallel port (Shortly, a buffer is a device that will isolate two circuits).

Then, the pins P₁,P₂,P₃,P₄ have to be connected respectively to P1.5, P1.6, P1.7 and RST in the microcontroller.

Finally, J₁ is the connection to the computer parallel port.

The PCB and the housing

I used an old parallel printer cable, and the whole circuit is mounted inside the the connector plastic box.

A glance at this pictures may be enough to understand how the PCB is mounted and welded to the parallel port connector. To achieve this, some precision have to be taken in account when producing the PCB.

Then, the pins P₁,P₂,P₃,P₄ have to be connected respectively to P1.5, P1.6, P1.7 and RST in the microcontroller.

Finally, J₁ is the connection to the computer parallel port.

The PCB and the housing

I used an old parallel printer cable, and the whole circuit is mounted inside the the connector plastic box.

Here is a shot of the device in action. the picture may not be as clear as in reality, but i found the High Brightness LED to be cooler than what i’ve imagined..

Here is a shot of some other ISP programmers I made for some of my friends.

Connecting the programmer to the micro controller

Many visitors were confused on how to connect this programmer to the microcontroller. Well, in general, ISP is made to program the microcontroller while it resides in its place, so all the standard connection for the microcontroller to run properly are to be made.

As Mr Sarma – a regular visitor, reviewer and a friend – suggested, here are some examples showing how to connect the programmer to different types of microcontrollers:

Connecting the programmer to an AT89S52

Connecting the programmer to an ATMEGA16L

Note that with the ATMEGA AVR family, You don’t need to add a crystal resonator, as those chips contains an internal resonator, making it ready to use simply by connecting the 5V and GND supply rails.

The programmer software

This is the piece of software that will take the HEX file generated by whatever compiler you are using, and send it – with respect to the very specific ISP transfer protocol – to the microcontroller.

The software I am proposing was designed to be compatible with a multitude of ISP programming cables. in most of cases, all the difference is the pins used on the parallel port to perform the data transfer. The only thing you need to do is to go through ‘Setup’, and chose the ‘AEC ISP’ cable pinout. once chosen, you will notice that it matches the circuit on this page.

If you have more than one parallel port (never seen this a lot..) chose the one to which the programmer is connected.

Patch Untuk Kaspersky 7/ 2010/2011 Valid sampai 2035

Suparno, M.Pd06:11Tip Trik Tidak ada komentar

Kebetulan kemarin teman ada yang minta tolong instalkan kaspersky antivirus. Masalahnya ternyata kaspersky antivirus ini harus bayar, masa trialnya cuma 30 hari mana cukup.. Setelah obok-obok kiri kanan dapat sih key yang gratisan tapi ternyata setelah lewat beberapa hari kasusnya key diblacklist (tidak bisa update definisi virus baru) percuma dong kalo gitu?

Sambil sedikit kesel saya browsing lagi dan menemukan sebuah patch untuk trial reseter, bisa saja sih digunakan… tapi kalau orang lain yang agak gaptek apa bisa? browsing lagi akhirnya saya menemukan sebuah patch yang ternyata berfungsi. Lumayan standardnya sih 2048 hari aktif dan tanpa blacklist artinya kita bisa update terus selama 2048 hari tanpa perlu kuatir kena blacklist dengan sedikit modifikasi kita bisa ubah menjadi 8888 hari atau sama dengan 24 tahun lebih kira-kira (kita masih hidup nggak ya? hahaha)

Langsung saja ini caranya… Pertama kalian perlu download installer kaspersky antivirus versi 2010 atau 2011, setelah selesai download install biasa saja pilih key trial lalu reboot komputer. Setelah komputer menyala kembali dan kaspersky sudah aktif, matikan self-defense dari kaspersky antivirus.

Download file patch ini kaspersky-patch setelah download unrar dan jalankan program sesuai dengan versi kaspersky yang kalian install misalnya 2010 atau 2011, extrack file pacth ke dalam direktori tempat kaspersky terinstall biasanya di %systemroot%\program files\kaspersky\blablabla… (jangan salah lokasi, kalau salah patch tidak berhasil).

Kalau berhasil dan patch sudah kalian tempatkan ditempat yang seharusnya kaspersky biasanya akan bereaksi dengan memberikan warning terdapat virus, ignore saja peringatan ini dan beri exclude atau kesan khusus untuk file yang di anggap virus oleh kaspersky (file patch ya bukan file yang lain!) file ini sebenarnya bukan virus namun karena cara kerjanya seperti virus maka biasanya kaspersky akan memberi peringatan.

Setelah itu kalian menuju ke license update (biasanya kaspersky akan langsung bereaksi) dan masukkan key secara manual berdasarkan versinya, kebetulan kemarin saya tidak menggunakan versi 2010 makanya yang saya tau hanya versi 2011 masukkan saja key sembarangan ketik 1 terus dan terakhir diganti dengan x. Setelah key di anggap salah kaspersky akan membawa kita otomatis menuju form manual aktifasi, silahkan saja pilih key yang tersedia berdasarkan versi maka otomatis key akan valid.

Standard dari patch adalah 2048 hari, kalau kita ingin merubah ke 8888 hari kita perlu melakukan modifikasi manual yaitu:

Kaspersky 2010

Edit file clldr.ini ganti dengan

[KEY]
KeyCreationDateYear=2010
KeyCreationDateMonth=01
KeyCreationDateDay=01
KeyType=5
KeyLifeSpan=8888
KeyExpireDateYear=2035
KeyExpireDateMonth=05
KeyExpireDateDay=03
KeyLicCount=8888

Kaspersky 2011

Edit file ftlib.ini ganti dengan

[KEY]
KeyCreationDateYear=2010
KeyCreationDateMonth=01
KeyCreationDateDay=01
KeyType=5
KeyLifeSpan=8888
KeyExpireDateYear=2035
KeyExpireDateMonth=05
KeyExpireDateDay=03
KeyLicCount=8888

Ini hasilnya…

Sampai hari ini saya masih bisa update definisi virus baru, tolong informasi ini jangan disebar-luaskan terlalu banyak karena biasanya kaspersky akan mengetahui dan melakukan blocking untuk versi berikutnya.

Kalau punya uang lebih dari cukup saya sarankan beli license aslinya ya cuma sekitar 400 ribuan kok setahun, jangan terbiasa menggunakan program bajakan kasihan yang buat dan gak baik buat kesehatan kita (apa hubungannya?

Line Follower ROBOT

Suparno, M.Pd13:57Robotika Tidak ada komentar

Penghargaan pemenang dari Kompetisi, VingPeaw 2543 robot dibangun dengan 2051, L293D, dan empat sensor IR. Sederhana sirkuit dan platform, pelacakan cepat dan mudah memahami program menggunakan bahasa C.

Saya merancang Robot , yang menggunakan dua roda motor kontrol belakang dan roda depan tunggal adalah gratis. Ini memiliki 4-sensor inframerah di bagian bawah untuk pita pelacakan mendeteksi hitam, ketika sensor mendeteksi warna hitam, output dari komparator, LM324 adalah logika rendah dan yang lainnya output adalah tinggi.

Microcontrollor AT89C2051 dan H-Bridge L293D digunakan pengemudi untuk mengendalikan arah dan kecepatan motor.

Fig 1. Circuit diagram of my Robot.

Fig 2. Circuit diagram of Infrared sensors and comparators.

Fig 4. Position of sensors, left hand side is side view and right hand side is top view.

Software Software for write to AT89C2051 is robot1.hex ,which was written by C-language ,the source code is robot1.ccompiled by using MC51 in TINY model with my start up code robot.asm .
MPEG files
Sample of competition between 2051 and 68HC11.

movie1.mpg (1,303kB)

movie2.mpg (373kB)

Belajar Dot Matrix 4

Suparno, M.Pd22:49Dot Matrix 3 komentar

Schematic :

Code List :

$regfile = "reg51.dat"
$crystal = 12000000
Do
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B11111110
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B11111101
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B11111011
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B11110111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B11101111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B11011111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B10111111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B01111111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000010
P2 = &B01111111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000100
P2 = &B01111111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00001000
P2 = &B01111111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00010000
P2 = &B01111111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00100000
P2 = &B01111111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B01000000
P2 = &B01111111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B10000000
P2 = &B01111111
Waitms 250

P1 = &B10000000
P2 = &B10111111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B10000000
P2 = &B11011111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B10000000
P2 = &B11101111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B10000000
P2 = &B11110111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B10000000
P2 = &B11111011
Waitms 250
P1 = &B10000000
P2 = &B11111101
Waitms 250
P1 = &B10000000
P2 = &B11111110
Waitms 250
P1 = &B01000000
P2 = &B11111110
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00100000
P2 = &B11111110
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00010000
P2 = &B11111110
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00001000
P2 = &B11111110
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000100
P2 = &B11111110
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000010
P2 = &B11111110
Waitms 250
Loop

Belajar Dot Matrix 3

Suparno, M.Pd22:34Dot Matrix 2 komentar

Schematic :

Code List :

$regfile = "reg51.dat"
$crystal = 12000000
Do
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B11111110
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B11111101
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B11111011
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B11110111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B11101111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B11011111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B10111111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B01111111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B10111111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B11011111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B11101111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B11110111
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B11111011
Waitms 250
P1 = &B00000001
P2 = &B11111101
Waitms 250
Loop

Pengetahuan Dasar penggunaan Timer Counter Microcontroller AVR

Suparno, M.Pd19:04Timer 1 komentar

Pin Timer /Counter pada AVR

Tujuan Pembahasan timer dan counter AVR :

1. Melaksanakan tugas tertentu secara ber ulang (mode normal).
2. Menghitung panjang pulsa (input capture)
3. Menghitung banyaknya event ( sebagai counter).
4. Mengendalikan kecepatan motor DC (pulsa wide modulation /PWM).
5. Membuat penundaan waktu (delay).

Komponen utama Timer/Counter adalah sebuah register yg tugasnya hanya berhitung dari 0 sampai batas maximumnya, register ini pada AVR disebut register TCNT . Misalnya sebuah register TCNT pada AVR adalah 8 bit, maka nilai maksimunya adalah 255.
Register yang digunakan untuk mendukung operasi Timer Counter pada AVR :

Jadi kalau kita ingin melakukan pengaturan (men set up ) Timer/Counter kita fokuskan ke register TCCRn . n adalah no timer , misal jika kita ingin menggunakan Timer 0 maka yg kita atur adalah TCCR0.

Kapan dia berfungsi sbg timer dan kapan dia berfungsi sbg counter?

Ketika sumber clock dari system clock (kristal) maka ia berfungsi sbg timer.
Ketika sumber clock dari external / pin T maka ia berlaku sebagai counter.
pemilihan sumber clock ada pada bit CS pada register TCCR.

1. Timer Mode NormalMemilih mode ini dgn cara menset semua bit WGM =0 , pada register TCCR

mode 0 timer0

Digunakan untuk melaksanakan pekerjaan yang berulang dgn interval tertentu juga bisa digunakan utuk membuat delay. Nilai TCNT akan terus menerus mengalami kenaikan tiap di clock oleh simber clok yg sudah dipilih. Jika sudah mencapai maksimumnya nilai TCNT akan kembali 0 dan mengeset bit Flag TOV0 di register TIFR. Waktu interval dapat dirubah rubah dengan merubah nilai maximum TCNT. Makin kecil nilai maximum TCNT makin kecil pula waktu intervalnya. Contoh sebagai gambaran saja , jika periode clock yg di berikan ke timer 1 detik, maka dgn nilai max TCNT diset 255 , interval timer 1 x255 = 255 detik. untuk nilai max TCNT di set 10 . Maka periode interval 1×10 = 10 detik.
Untuk mode normal penggunaanya cukup mudah, contohnya anda bisa baca disini.

2. Mode Input Capture .

Digunakan untuk meng hitung panjang pulsa yang mentriger pin ICP (PortD.6 pada atmega8535). Setiap kali Pin ICP di triger akan TCNT akan ditambah 1. nilai TCNT akan direset pada triger berikutnya. Sebelum direset nilai TCNT di simpan di register ICR.
Contoh code:

*======================================================

Chip type           : ATmega8535
Compiler            : CodeVision
Clock frequency     : 4.000000 MHz
Memory model        : Small
External SRAM size  : 0
Data Stack size     : 128
Author              : pccontrol.wordpress.com 
*****************************************************/

#include 
#include 
// Alphanumeric LCD Module functions
#asm
   .equ __lcd_port=0x15 ;PORTC
#endasm
#include 
unsigned char bufferperiodeL[15];
unsigned char bufferperiodeH[15]; 

// Timer 1 input capture interrupt service routine
interrupt [TIM1_CAPT] void timer1_capt_isr(void)
{

sprintf(bufferperiodeL,"%i ",ICR1L);
sprintf(bufferperiodeH,"%i ",ICR1H); 

lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
lcd_puts(bufferperiodeH);
lcd_gotoxy(4,1);
lcd_puts(bufferperiodeL);   

ICR1H=0;
ICR1L=0;
TCNT1L =0;
TCNT1H =0;
}

void main(void)
{

// Timer/Counter 1 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: 3.906 kHz
// Mode: Normal top=FFFFh

// Noise Canceler: Off
// Input Capture on Rising Edge
// Timer 1 Overflow Interrupt: Off
// Input Capture Interrupt: On

TCCR1A=0x00;
TCCR1B=0x45;
TCNT1H=0x00;
TCNT1L=0x00;
ICR1H=0x00;
ICR1L=0x00;
OCR1
// Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initialization
TIMSK=0x20;

// LCD module initialization
lcd_init(16);
    lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
      lcd_putsf("periode pulsa :");
// Global enable interrupts
#asm("sei")

while (1)
      {

      };
}

keterangan program :
setiap ada perubahan tegangan dari o ke 1 di pin ICP /portD.6 maka akan memicu interupt input capture. besaran panjang pulsa antara 2 rising edge ada di register ICR1H dan ICR1L . misal hasil di ICR1 = 1250 maka perioda pulsa = 1/clock timer * 1250 . Clock timer sudah kita pilih 3,906 khz.
(1/3906) * 1250 = 0,32 detik.

3. Mode Counter

Digunakan untuk menghitung jumlah event yang mentriger pin T0 (portB.0) jika kita menggunakan timer0 atau T1 (portB.1) pada timer1.

/*===================================================
Chip type           : ATmega8535
Author              : cipto-suparno.blogspot.com
Clock frequency     : 4.000000 MHz
Memory model        : Small
External SRAM size  : 0
Data Stack size     : 128
*****************************************************/

#include 
#include 
// Alphanumeric LCD Module functions
#asm
   .equ __lcd_port=0x15 ;PORTC
#endasm
#include 

unsigned int hitunganMSB;
unsigned int hitunganLSB;
 unsigned char bufferCounter[15];
 unsigned long int hitungan;
// Timer 0 overflow interrupt service routine
interrupt [TIM0_OVF] void timer0_ovf_isr(void)
{
//hitungan lebih dari 255

hitunganMSB = hitunganMSB + 1;

}

// Declare your global variables here

void main(void)
{
// Declare your local variables here

// Timer/Counter 0 initialization
// Clock source: T0 pin Falling Edge
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC0 output: Disconnected
TCCR0=0x06;
TCNT0=0x00;

// Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initialization
TIMSK=0x01;

// LCD module initialization
lcd_init(16);
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
lcd_putsf("counter :");
// Global enable interrupts
#asm("sei")

while (1)
      {
      // Place your code here
      hitunganLSB = TCNT0;
      hitungan = hitunganMSB + hitunganLSB; 

      sprintf(bufferCounter,"%i ", hitungan );
   lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
   lcd_puts(bufferCounter);
      };
}

4. Mode PWM , Pulsa Wide Modulation.

Untuk menjadikan Timer counter mode PWM yaitu dgn Cara men set bit WGM01=1 dan bit WGM0 =0 , pada register TCCR.
Salah satu kegunaan sinyal PWM antara lain untuk mengendalikan Kecepatan putaran Motor DC. Gambar berikut ini menunjukan berbagai bentuk PWM dan efek terhadap kecepatan Motor DC yang berbeda sesuai bentuk pulsa PWM.

Cara pembentukan sinyal PWM
Nilai pada register Counter TCNT akan terus menerus naik sampai nilai maximum, lalu kembali ke 0. begitu seterusnya selama sinyal clock diberikan kepada timer. Nilai OCR diset untuk mengatur pembentukan PWM.
saat nilai TCNT > nilai OCR maka pin OC mengeluarkan sinyal HIGH ,
saat nilai TCNT < nilai OCR maka pin OC mengeluarkan sinyal LOW.
Gambar berikut menunjukan tiga buah nilai OCR yang berbeda ,yg menghasilkan sinyal output PWM berbeda pula pada pin OC.

Cara Membuat PWM pada CodeWizard di Codevision spt pada gambar berikut:

membuat pwm 25% pada output OC0 dgn Timer0

code program:

#include 

// Declare your global variables here

void main(void)
{

// Port B initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=Out Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=0 State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTB=0x00;
DDRB=0x08;

// Timer/Counter 0 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: 62.500 kHz
// Mode: Phase correct PWM top=FFh
// OC0 output: Non-Inverted PWM
TCCR0=0x63;
TCNT0=0x00;
OCR0=0x40;

// Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initialization
TIMSK=0x00;

while (1)
      {
      // Place your code here

      };
}
5. Membuat Delay dengan Timer.
#include 

interrupt [TIM0_OVF] void timer0_ovf_isr(void)
{
delay = delay + 1
}

void main(void)
{
// Timer/Counter 0 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: 3.906 kHz
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
TCCR0=0x05;
TCNT0=0xD9;
// Timer0 enable
TIMSK=0x01;
// Global enable interrupts
#asm("sei")

while (1)
      {
      //program utama disini
       delay(100);   //delay 1 detik   (100*10ms=1000ms)
      };
}

Void delay(int delay_ms)
{
   TCNT0=0xD9;  //interval  timer = 10 ms
   delay=0
   while(delay<=delay_ms)
   {
    //muter2 disini
    }
}

Kesimpulan cara Pengesetan register TCCR

Ka’bah Merupakan Pusat Bumi

Suparno, M.Pd05:46Islamic Tidak ada komentar

Neil Amstrong telah membuktikan bahwa kota Mekah adalah pusat dari planet Bumi. Fakta ini telah di diteliti melalui sebuah penelitian Ilmiah.

Ketika Neil Amstrong untuk pertama kalinya melakukan perjalanan ke luar angkasa dan mengambil gambar planet Bumi, dia berkata, “Planet Bumi ternyata menggantung di area yang sangat gelap, siapa yang menggantungnya ?.”

Para astronot telah menemukan bahwa planet Bumi itu mengeluarkan semacam radiasi, secara resmi mereka mengumumkannya di Internet, tetapi sayang nya 21 hari kemudian website tersebut raib yang sepertinya ada alasan tersembunyi dibalik penghapusan website tersebut.
Setelah melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut, ternyata radiasi tersebut berpusat di kota Mekah, tepatnya berasal dari Ka’Bah. Yang mengejutkan adalah radiasi tersebut bersifat infinite ( tidak berujung ), hal ini terbuktikan ketika mereka mengambil foto planet Mars, radiasi tersebut masih berlanjut terus. Para peneliti Muslim mempercayai bahwa radiasi ini memiliki karakteristik dan menghubungkan antara Ka’Bah di planet Bumi dengan Ka’bah di alam akhirat.
Di tengah-tengah antara kutub utara dan kutub selatan, ada suatu area yang bernama ‘Zero Magnetism Area’, artinya adalah apabila kita mengeluarkan kompas di area tersebut, maka jarum kompas tersebut tidak akan bergerak sama sekali karena daya tarik yang sama besarnya antara kedua kutub.
Itulah sebabnya jika seseorang tinggal di Mekah, maka ia akan hidup lebih lama, lebih sehat, dan tidak banyak dipengaruhi oleh banyak kekuatan gravitasi. Oleh sebab itu lah ketika kita mengelilingi Ka’Bah, maka seakan-akan diri kita di-charged ulang oleh suatu energi misterius dan ini adalah fakta yang telah dibuktikan secara ilmiah.
Penelitian lainnya mengungkapkan bahwa batu Hajar Aswad merupakan batu tertua di dunia dan juga bisa mengambang di air. Di sebuah musium di negara Inggris, ada tiga buah potongan batu tersebut ( dari Ka’Bah ) dan pihak musium juga mengatakan bahwa bongkahan batu-batu tersebut bukan berasal dari sistem tata surya kita.

Dalam salah satu sabdanya, Rasulullah SAW bersabda :

“Hajar Aswad itu diturunkan dari surga, warnanya lebih putih daripada susu, dan dosa-dosa anak cucu Adamlah yang menjadikannya hitam”

Membuat Delay Satu Detik Untuk Mikrokontroler MCS51 Dengan Bahasa Assembly

Suparno, M.Pd16:04Assembly Tidak ada komentar

PERHITUNGAN & TIMING DIAGRAM MACHINE CYCLES

Machine Cycle atau siklus mesin merupakan satuan waktu terkecil dalam menjalankan satu instruksi MCS51. Satu machine cycle terdiri atas enam state atau tahap. Masing-masing tahap terdiri dan 2 phase atau fase. Jadi, satu machine cycle terdiri dan 12 periode osilator (6 state x 2 phase) atau 12 pulsa clock. Jika frekuensi crystal yang digunakan adalah 12 MHz, maka crystal tersebut akan mengeluarkan 12.000.000 pulsa per detik. Hal ini berarti dalam satu detik akan ada 1.000.000 (12.000.000/12) machine cycle. Atau dengan kata lain, satu machine cycle akan memakan waktu satu mikro detik. Jika frekuensi crystal yang digunakan lebih tinggi, maka akan ada lebih banyak machine cycle dalam satu detik sehingga lebih banyak instruksi/opcode yang dapat dijalankan.

Gambar.1 Satu Siklus Mesin

Dan untuk lebih mudahnya kita akan membuat program tundaan satu detik dengan bahasa assembly. Perhatikan listing program berikut ini

MOV  R1,#2    ; 1 SIKLUS MESIN
 DEL1: MOV  R2,#244  ; 1 SIKLUS MESIN
 DEL2: MOV  R3,#255  ; 1 SIKLUS MESIN
 DEL3: DJNZ R3,DEL3  ; 2 SIKLUS MESIN X 255
       DJNZ R2,DEL2  ; 2 SIKLUS MESIN X 244
       DJNZ R1,DEL   ; 2 SIKLUS MESIN X 2

Dari program diatas kita dapat melihat ada dua buat Op-Code yang kita gunakan yakni MOV dan DJNZ. Masing-masing op-code tersebut memiliki siklus mesin namun berbeda. MOV memiliki 1 siklus mesin sedankan DJNZ memiliki 2 Siklus Mesin. Dan untuk perhitungan Waktunya kita menggunakan Persamaan:
Delay    = [ siklus mesin MOV+ (siklus mesin DJNZ x jumlah Putaran) ] x perioda clock
    = [ 1 + ( 1 + ( 1 + ( 2 x 255 ) ) x ( 2 x 244 ) ) x ( 2 x 2 ) ] x 1 mikrosekon
    = 997477 mikrosekon
    = 1 detik

Kumpulan Sirial Number

Suparno, M.Pd18:36Tip Trik Tidak ada komentar

A

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S/N: PM80PM800ENSP1-11141269
0ENSP1-11111131 (null)

» PhotoZoom Pro v2.26
Name : Lutz Leipold
Email : gundermann@firstemail.eu
Serial: SN5W7 - 8BBUF - ZPA35 - 496PP - WG9P9

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, Studio 9 Plus 9.3.0
SN Code: JADQC-ABBA-KOOOP-AAABQ-MDOAZ

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, HFX Creator (PRO/MEGA) Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LAFSB-OAAAA-AAKLA-HJIYV-VIJKI

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, HFX Plus Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LAFSB-QAAAA-AAKLA-ZNRSL-PXHSY

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, HFX PRO Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LAFSB-RAAAA-AAKLA-GMUXI-TNBSE

» Pinnacle Studio Plus HFX Editor (Plus) Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LAFSB-NAAAA-AAKLA-GKNGA-JYYIS

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, RTFx Basic Limited Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LCEXH-IAAAA-AAKLA-IDHPE-BLYJW

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, RTFx Mega Effects Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LAFSA-NAAAA-AAKLA-EMKGK-AWLMN

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, Dolby 5.1 Consumer Encoding Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LAFSC-GAAAA-AAKLA-FBAGV-ICNCB

» Pinnacle Studio Plus,Dolby 2CH Encoding Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LAFSC-FAAAA-AAKLA-BXFUJ-OKNVZ

» Pinnacle Studio Plus,Dolby 5.1 Professional Encoding Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LAFSC-HAAAA-AAKLA-AOBVH-RBDVG

» Pinnacle Studio Plus,MPEG-2 Encoding/Decoding Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LCEXH-NAAAA-AAKLA-OJHXX-OBGOW

» Pinnacle Studio Plus,MPEG-2 Encoding/Decoding Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LCEXH-NAAAA-AAKLA-OJHXX-OBGOW

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, MP3 Encoding/Decoding Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LAFSC-EAAAA-AAKLA-ISIKA-CIJIG

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, MPEG-4 Encoding/Decoding Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LAFSC-JAAAA-AAKLA-PHXBP-QWPPU

» Pinnacle Studio Plus 9.3.0 (RTFx Plus Effects Plugin)
S/N: LAFSA-MAAAA-AAKLA-DALWV-PTUUW

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, MP3 Encoding/Decoding Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LAFSC-EAAAA-AAKLA-ISIKA-CIJIG

» Pinnacle Studio Plus,MPEG-2 Encoding/Decoding Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LCEXH-NAAAA-AAKLA-OJHXX-OBGOW

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, Dolby 5.1 Professional Encoding Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LAFSC-HAAAA-AAKLA-AOBVH-RBDVG

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, RTFx Mega Effects Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LAFSA-NAAAA-AAKLA-EMKGK-AWLMN

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, MPEG-4 Encoding/Decoding Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LAFSC-JAAAA-AAKLA-PHXBP-QWPPU

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, RTFx Basic Limited Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LCEXH-IAAAA-AAKLA-IDHPE-BLYJW

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, MPEG-2 Encoding/Decoding Plugin 9.3.0
S/N: LCEXH-NAAAA-AAKLA-OJHXX-OBGOW

» Pinnacle Studio v9.3 unlock Trial
S/N: LAFSA-ZAAAA-AAQGA-IPIOG-QAUAP

» Pinnacle Studio 9 Plus
Serial Number: JADQC-ABBAA-FOPGS-SMTAH-LMCAK
Activation Key: LAFSC-IAAAA-AATJA-AVOLI-DIKYW
MPEG2 Activation : LCEXH-NAAAA-AAYWA-MOZQT-UNYCX

JADQC-ABBAA-FOPOP-AAAAG-OAGCE
Your user name is: zial@plasa.com
Your Password will be sent to the email address you have registered.
Your Customer Care ID is: 3743431

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, Studio 9 Plus 9.3.0
S/N: Activate Code:LAFSC-IAAAA-AAKLA-AZKXH-OSUZW

» Pinnacle Studio Plus 9.3.0
S/N: Install Code: 00021-42191-66900-07637-14313
After Installation-Activate Code : LAFSC-IAAAA-AAKLA-AZKXH-OSUZW

» Pinnacle studio plus v.9.3
jadqc-abbaa-kooop-aaabq-mdoaz

You are getting your 9`th serial for today.
» PINNACLE STUDIO PLUS V9.3
S/N: JADQC-ABBAA-KOOOP-AAABQ-MDOAZAlso for the upgrade version

» Pinnacle Studio 9 SE serial number
S/N: GAAAD-DNARP-EVMJN-IGOTC-AAAAA

» Pinnacle Studio 9 (delivered with Dazzle) serial number
S/N: JADDM-AEBAA-GADAA-AAAAA-PXXVL

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, Studio 9 Plus 9.3.0 serial number
S/N: Activate Code:LAFSC-IAAAA-AAKLA-AZKXH-OSUZW

» Pinnacle Studio Plus, Studio 9 Plus 9.3.0
S/N: Activate Code:LAFSC-IAAAA-AAKLA-AZKXH-OSUZW

» Pinnacle Studio Plus 9.3
s/n: JADQC-ABBAA-FOPOP-AAAAG-OAGCE

» Pinnacle Hollywood FX plus Studio Version 9
HFX4S-PLS-107482-85X

» Pinnacle Hollywood Fx 5.x
serial: HF534-PRO-507403-65W - key code: 13062328668

» Pinnacle Hollywood FX 5
HF534-PRO-507403-65W HF556-PRO-263860-45T HF571-PRO-096731-25P

» Pinnacle Liquid 6.0
Name: www.serials.ws
HFX Plus Serial: JADRK-ABBAA-FOPSM-TSGAH-KZULH

» Pinnacle 9.4 studio plus
EAB22-FA889-6GBGF-80AE6-177FA

» Pinnacle 9.4.3
JACFT-ABBAA-FADAA-AAAAC-IUNJQ

» Pinnacle studio 9.4 or more (or less ^^)
11111-11111-11111-11111-11111

Q

» Quick Time 7.0.3 S/N: 4UJ2-5NLF-HFFA-9JW3-X2KV (null)

» Quickoffice 2.0.5 S/N: 351965007188799 (null)

R

» Regcure 1.0.0.43 ato RegCure 1.0.0.17
S/N: 2E002-D1220-84B07-AAD07

» Registry Booster all
S/N: 00×242-jj5yyp-5z8z6c-7570ng

» Registry First Aid Platinum 6.0.0
Name: THOR_MESTER
S/N: 6H9224-374M2A-ARF34A-9CF49T-339AN3-RM2TT2-SMRG

S

» SpeedUpMyPC v3.0
00XHEH-M5TY2P-QEZJWB-V8UUHN

» Swish 2.0
F6AA7CA189B97CC4B3B97CDB17

» Spyware Doctor 3.2
Jerryl Trammell
B96B-FCBE-F044-1AE0-7363-83A9-DF38-EA1E-F7B5-9D9C

» Spyware Doctor 3.2.1.359
C96B-FCBE-F044-1AE0-7363-83A9-DF38-EA1E-F7B5-9D5g
Name: THAN GIANG NAM
S/n: 248C-0198-B029-A687-825E-DFF0-A69F-9D1C-7DE7-421E

» Spyware Doctor 4.0.0.2618
Name: craig martindale
S/N: A962-19A8-4171-D2BE-0BAF-5010-7810-23C0-7577-6FFE

» Super DVD Creator v9.30
SDCMM-124272-881221-362392-341621
SDCMM-064745-114192-730109-921381
SDCMM-112154-175236-561511-642441
SDCMM-625237-169174-441194-723975
SDCMM-431046-156136-178255-201392

» S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl
FK47-S4JT-576Q-GZTM

» Sunbelt Kerio Personal Firewall v4.3.268
44M67-B7BD4-B3B89-E9B6M-63AF5

» Symantec Norton Internet Security 2007
S/N: VRB97-2MVJW-74BG2-VTXHV-KMHBC

» Spyware Doctor v5.0.0.147
Name : Thomas Grassmann
Serial : BFA2-D53B-A6C7-A08B-B95E-C2DD-30F4-8E64-49CF-7E10

T

» Trojan Remover v6.5.5 ato v6.5.7
Username: Nancy Stephens
Licence Key: 000015-YBW39A-9BFFWM-GA26J3-15HY2T-XGDJQT-4U7VNA-ZC4TMG-J4JVN0-WQHD66

» TuneUp Utilities 2007 v6.0.1255.0
Name :BUBlic
Company :TSRh
Serial :6THVJ-XKL6J-XV6L3-8EP52-FBDF8-SFSXU
ato
Name:BUBlic
Company:TSRh
Serial:K936P-URRV3-NF7AT-UT86M-V39F4-5GSX2

» Tuneup Utilities 2008
name:nug
company:tm
key:BWGGY-JTD5Q-SF476-ANDX4-AAJ9L-W6ARQ

» Tweak XP 4 .0.4 atao 6.0.1.4
Name: Ann Heywood
eMail:genie27@optusnet.com.au
Order ID: E100104475048
Number of licenses: 01
Serial:
302D0215-01CA7441-52EA5A1A-5697E9FE
FED7B4A3-7B136E7D-1D0214EA-115653E1
0F6E2864-E56286E3-2AC71F05-DB063DXX

» Total Audio Converter 2.6
0th0U20Y+X6i61f6f5T0LTzGQo3G6J5BQBu5F0kL
9zfll2WrZc+Vn0hWaw2dV/sccwKwsWY05TPwHden
qQ8tD/wH3k5+Z9zHHavYnFfs4ZTU9cCNeO9o3JBi
Xc65ybTnCklQeOzE1p4JwW7OkAoY2jmSDKfvX4ZD
CX5WfDWhpHEY=

» Total Video Converter 3.10
name: bilal
s/n: 946CB220-8F471146-404889E6-EF195FAA-E8C2E781-926874CA-6642CA74-25A1B8CB-4737AD8E-30DFCC55-95390D1B-2EF9B52F-784EB32C-40BB968A-527737D8-C36E655E

» Total Video Converter 3.11
Your license name is: MARIANNE WORKMAN-NESSE
Your license code is: 0ab52023-ba00347e-9fa86acd-fdc330a9-68578b7e-264b81e1-30bdfeef-cea403fa-20457e4a-39c03409-f69a9aba-388e8a94-677044c7-643fe9ac-66523c91-18a61801

» Trend Micro PC-cillin Internet Security 2007 er
Name: Trendmicro
S/N: PGEF-0017-3126-4259-2724
PGEF-0017-5186-0791-3276
PGEF-0017-8149-7433-1767
PGEF-0017-4176-8595-4083
PGEF-0017-1140-2210-4138
PGEF-0017-8131-9487-5551
PGEF-0017-2124-5584-8338

» Typeitin 2.6.1
Name: TEAM ElilA S/N: OTECKJYEVQWLDLF (null)

U

» Uniblue Registry Booster v1.3
00X242-JJ5YYP-5Z8Z6C-7570NG

» UniBlue SpeedUpMyPc 3.0
S/N: 00XHEH-M5TY2P-QEZJWB-V8UUHN

» Usenext Client
Username: avi-1897978-940
Password: 3AFC216C
WWW.RAPID-SHARE.INFO

» Steganos Antispyware 2006 Version: 8.4.3 ( Build 395)
Name: from Tumult
S/N: SSEA-RETI-AAAA-YENO-SPPQ

V

» Video Convert Master 3.4
Name: GeFcReW Company: GeFcReW s/n: VCM5947428
www.video-convert-master.com

» Visual Basic 2005 Express
S/N: QZCXGNKPGMDP3B (null)

» visual Basic 6.0 Pro
82891814582691454736

W

» Windows Vista Business ———– J9QVT-JJMB9-RVJ38-M8KT6-DMT9M

» Windows Vista Home Basic ——— KJTCW-YQGRK-XPQMR-YTQG8-DKVG6

» Windows Vista Home Basic N ——- YQWWH-2YD6Y-V3K2X-H4H8V-WJ8WT

» Windows Vista Home Premium —— PYYBC-K9XT9-V92KD-6CT89-4VB82

» Windows Vista Ultimate ———— PVVFY-2F78Q-8T7M8-HDQB2-BR3YT

» Windows Vista Enterprise ———- CYD8T-QHBMC-6RCMK-4GHRD-CRRB7

» windows vista 2006
Name: cristi suta
S/N: TCP8W-T8PQJ-WWRRH-QH76C-99FBW

» Windows XP Home Edition K ———- W8F6Q-HM3JB-2XRHD-7Q92J-XKY6W

» Windows XP Home Edition KN ——— M9D9J-2TQV2-FBJQP-2M8G8-DGQ26

» Windows XP Media Center Edition —– H23CJ-2WXM9-M9D2K-42226-DJWRD

» Windows XP Professional Edition K —- FRH2X-6VD7F-YH2TV-2V8B7-J46F6

» Windows XP Professional Edition KN — QKBGY-T8JFG-F448Q-24KR9-48XPJ

» Windows XP Home Edition ———— GHGCP-3KFC6-Y4J4D-MVG7V-67TV6

» Windows XP Professional ————- F9QV9-HDYR3-6QDR4-PGVW9-GTBBJ

» Windows XP Professional IA64 Edition - BGVXG-CM3VK-FX848-B9JPY-YJJXD

» Windows XP Professional x64 Edition — PFFY7-Y9RRY-MT6C7-XMQPK-RWFCW

» Windows XP Tablet PC Edition ——– WFMYK-68Y2T-JD473-W8DMW-8PFHQ

» Windows xp 2005 professional 2005
S/N: yvgkq-b7qyx-wwpbr-m7t2r-pb8bm (null)

» Windows XP Original
V2C47-MK7JD-3R89F-D2KXW-VPK3J

» Windows ME Full Retail
s/n: Gy9fq-2j9mr-pm78b-j9jct-x8rdg

» Windows ME Product key code upgrade 98
s/n: FYG4R-3RK8M-DJGPJ-9GTRY-Q7Q49
» Windows 2000 Professional ———— DDTPV-TXMX7-BBGJ9-WGY8K-B9GHM

» Windows 2000 Server (All Versions) —- KRJQ8-RQ822-YRMXF-6TTXC-HD2VM

» Winzip_110
Ziggy - SnD Team
prof JMEVQ-CUVWR-UV3K2-ME712-WNDKW-FHKMP
Standar
N1JYT-VA8EU-5A403-WA2E1-AUUZW-JLNQT

» WinZip 10.0
Name: Randy_vanDijk@hotmail.com
S/N: DNRCV-A3QWJ-EQQEQ-QU51T-TN6JW www.winzip.com

» WinDVD
ju9xz8zy0rkf7jt of gmr222wgyxpub8lh

» WinDVD 2000 : RZV9GVF4YJVDJMI

» Windvd 7.0 B27.130
Name: saqib S/N: E-mail: safa_uk@yahoo.com PASS:
safa12 Serial No: X299APWM-M84EN5U2-X8DPQD93-QAHUBCD9 CB No. 8237 Work
100% just copy and paste Smile Keep visiting this infomative site Thnx
for great work keepit up (null)

X

» Xingtone Ringtone Maker v5.0.0
PI74-1013-GABQ-3306

» Xilisoft 3gp video converter 3.1
Name: Free Verion
S/N: 11122233344451112223972F-7B4D-6915-3C02

» Xara 3D:
NONSFNI

» Xara 3D 4.0
BPPIVQK or:ESNIJET

» Xara Webstyle 4.0
XWS-5299-5077-6209

Y

» Your Uninstaller! Pro 2006 v5.0.0.259
Name: PAUL J DEVENZIO
Code: 000016-QA36H2-XW5PPB-6RB7J2-BZ1FJ8-KJQBE9-C2F81Q-FKFEAN-Y5WFRP-EPMHYT

» Yanicsoft WinXP Manager 4.89
Name: king_KINK
s/n: KPKUZ-XSOFX-CVXIL-UDIZK winxpmanager.nease.net

Z

» ZoneLabs ZoneAlarm Pro v6.5.737.000
C7Q38-K6I15-TRJSM-3VN287-D2HB00

» ZoneAlarm AntiSpyware v7.0.337.000
5652x-kwhhr-n7×6b-tdiwmr-7rusk0
4m69p-ghc1f-j5u1b-5es7ek-nfvec0
6p2cn-tk831-tbfw7-d2n29f-28brc0
h8m35-2jufs-phped-nu4fjv-7ina40
0sh7m-2bemm-6t41b-mivepx-n06ig0
5hp0w-3ec5h-xhiwe-4×9hs7-4w8a40
iqxtr-9aegi-axt7g-mmac1j-fv9eq0
acrsk-wtrtn-vs6gi-83amw6-i18u80
1jwiw-wm6tb-wu8i1-gps3xh-240v80

Cara Mudah Mengembalikan Data yang Hilang atau Terhapus secara Gratis

Suparno, M.Pd23:39Tip Trik Tidak ada komentar

Pernahkah kamu kehilangan data penting di flashdisk atau harddisk ?? Jika ya, pernahkan kamu menggunakan jasa orang lain untuk mengembalikan data hilang tersebut ?? Lalu berapa biaya yang dikeluarkan ?? Saya yakin pasti sangat mahal. Sepengetahuan saya, jasa recovery data biasanya meminta tarif sebesar 300-400 rb untuk file kurang dari 1 Gb. Mungkin jika dilihat dari seberapa penting data yang hilang atau terhapus tersebut bisa jadi nominal 400rb itu tidak ada artinya. Namun jika kita bisa mengembalikan data sendiri dan Gratis tentunya, kenapa tidak ??
So, kali ini ebenk789 akan mengulas sedikit tentang tutorial step by step cara mengembalikan data yang telah terhapus atau hilang di harddisk atau Flashdisk Usb. Software yang akan kita gunakan pun Gratis jadi g ada kata bajak membajak (hari gini masih pake bajakan hehee.. Jadi jangan takut terkena copyright atau embel-embel tentang pembajakan lainnya

Cara Mudah Mengembalikan Data yang Hilang atau Terhapus

Pertama Download dan Install Software Pandora File Recovery

Free Pandora File Recovery | 3.2 Mb

Jalankan Program Pandora, nanti akan muncul Pandora Recovery Wizard, Kita klik tombol Next

Kita pilih “No, i did not find my file” jika file penting kita tidak ditemukan di Recycle Bin

Pilih Drive yang akan kita scan (Pilihan Drive menyesuaikan sesuai tempat dimana kita menyimpan file terdahulu sebelum hilang)

Terdapat 3 Metode Recovery (dapat dipilih sesuai kebutuhan), Disini saya pilih opsi ke tiga.

Pilih jenis file yang kita cari (Misal jika kita ingin mencari file Ms Word maka kita checklist hanya pada opsi *.DOC dan *.DOCX)
# Klik Start Disk Surface Scan Lalu tunggu hingga proses scan. Hasil scan akan muncul di colom sebelah kanan.

KLik icon Recovery untuk mengembalikan data yang hilang

www.suparno.com

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In System Programming (ISP) for ATMEL chips

How does ISP works?

Circuit :

The PCB and the housing

The PCB and the housing

Connecting the programmer to the micro controller

The programmer software

Patch Untuk Kaspersky 7/ 2010/2011 Valid sampai 2035

Line Follower ROBOT

Belajar Dot Matrix 4

Belajar Dot Matrix 3

Pengetahuan Dasar penggunaan Timer Counter Microcontroller AVR

Pin Timer /Counter pada AVR

Ka’bah Merupakan Pusat Bumi

Membuat Delay Satu Detik Untuk Mikrokontroler MCS51 Dengan Bahasa Assembly

Kumpulan Sirial Number

Cara Mudah Mengembalikan Data yang Hilang atau Terhapus secara Gratis

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